A new hypothesis is proposed, according to which the evolution of the universe occurs as a result of the process of self-replication. The theory of self-replication reasonably assumes that dark energy and dark matter are self-replicating dark particles described by quantum mechanisms. As a confirmation, the observed phenomena occurring at ultra-low temperatures close to absolute zero are given.

The theory of self-replication explains the expansion of the universe and Hubble's law, and logically interprets phenomena such as gravity, cosmic microwave background radiation, and the unidirectional flow of time. Most importantly, this theory combines the evolution of the universe with the fixed fact of self—replication of living organisms. The theory of self-replication can potentially be true, since it is based solely on empirically recorded observations and does not require the introduction of hypothetical forces or properties.

Despite significant advances in modern physics, the nature of dark matter and dark energy remains one of the most mysterious and insufficiently studied problems. In particular, there is still no satisfactory explanation of the mechanism of expansion of the Universe and the uniqueness of the rate of galaxies moving away from each other, described by Hubble's law. In addition, questions related to the nature of gravity and cosmic microwave background radiation remain open due to the lack of theoretical models supported by experimental data. Also, the fundamental question of why time only moves forward is still unclear.

This paper proposes a "Self-replication Theory" that provides a logical explanation of the expansion of the universe and the features of Hubble's law, as well as offers new views on the nature of gravity, cosmic microwave background radiation, and the phenomenon of unidirectional time flow. The key advantage of this theory is to combine the evolution of the universe with the phenomenon of self-replication, well-known from biology, which opens up new perspectives for understanding physical reality.

The main point of the proposed theory is that the process of self-replication of dark particles occurs in intergalactic space, leading to an exponential increase in their number. This mechanism provides a natural explanation for the observed expansion of the universe. As a result of the self-replication process, dark particles exert pressure on galaxies, forming their dark halo, which leads to the galaxies moving away from each other at a speed proportional to the distance between them. For example, when the distance between galaxies doubles, the number of self-replicating particles also doubles, which in turn doubles the rate at which galaxies are receding. Thus, the rate of removal of galaxies is proportional to the distance between them, which fully corresponds to Hubble's law.

It should be emphasized that currently none of the existing theories describes Hubble's law with such accuracy as the theory of self-replication. At a certain rate of replication of dark particles, it is possible to obtain exactly the rate of expansion of the Universe, which is observed experimentally.

It is also worth noting that the observations reveal the existence of a galactic halo, a sphere of dark matter and other components surrounding the galaxy. This phenomenon may hypothetically be caused by the pressure of dark particles on galaxies within the framework of the proposed theory.

In the proposed theory, cosmic microwave background radiation is interpreted as a manifestation of the self-replication processes of dark particles, reflecting the physical phenomena occurring in the universe. It should be noted that the cosmic microwave background radiation is a cosmic electromagnetic radiation that evenly fills the universe and has a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about 2.7 K. Currently, the generally accepted explanation connects the origin of the cosmic microwave background radiation with the epoch of the primary recombination of hydrogen, when photon radiation separated from matter and began to spread freely in space. However, this hypothesis does not have unambiguous experimental evidence. In the framework of the proposed theory, cosmic microwave background radiation is considered as a reflection of the current and ongoing processes of self-replication of dark particles. Thus, it can act as a recording signal of this physical process, which opens up new perspectives for understanding the nature of the cosmic microwave background and its dynamics.

Analyzing the possible mechanisms of self-replication of dark particles, it can be noted that, like biological systems, they require a material or energy resource to reproduce and cannot arise from nothing. This suggests that dark particles absorb or attract a certain substance or "quantum space", forming an attractive force. A combination of such particles can create a collective gravitational effect, which allows us to consider the theory of self-replication as a potential explanation of the physical nature of gravity.
Стоит подчеркнуть, что такие явления, как реликтовое излучение и гравитация, часто связывают с понятием сингулярности, однако её существование не подтверждается экспериментально и сопровождается гипотетическими характеристиками, не наблюдаемыми в природе.

Special attention should be paid to the paradox of the one-sided passage of time. Within the framework of the theory of self-replication, a new view is proposed: time is considered as an abstraction, with the help of which a person describes continuously occurring processes caused by an increase in the number of particles. The increase in the volume of the system and the continuous movement due to the process of self-replication of particles create a feeling of unidirectional forward movement of time.

Additionally, it is worth paying attention to the so—called cosmological relationship - the observed dependence of the mass growth of supermassive black holes on the expansion rate of the Universe. This may indicate that dark particles are also self-replicating inside black holes, explaining this phenomenon.

If we assume that a black hole consists of self-replicating dark particles, then the first galaxies could form at low temperatures at an early stage of the universe. A region saturated with self—replicating dark particles could form in the environment of fundamental particles, which, under the influence of gravity and pressure, assumed a spherical shape - a black hole.

Due to the angular momentum of the black hole, rotation could appear, which led to the formation of accretion disks of fundamental particles. Protons were formed in these disks, which is confirmed by experimental data on the synthesis of protons from fundamental particles in accelerators. Further, proton-proton collisions took place in the accretion disks, the initial stage of nuclear fusion, similar to the processes taking place in stars.

In fact, nuclear fusion has been recorded in the accretion disks of black holes, accompanied by the release of high temperatures and energies, which leads to the formation of electrons, neutrons and primary atoms. In a star, in the sun, during thermonuclear fusion, hydrogen is converted into helium, and then into other chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, neon, silicon, etc. After combustion, various heavy chemical elements appear, up to the iron peak. The first stars could have formed under these conditions and then left the accretion disks, similar processes recorded in observations.

Dust and gases from such stars contributed to the formation of the first planets, thus creating the first galactic structures. Further, there were more and more galaxies, their merging and star formation took place, leading to the formation of the modern Universe.

Please note that this model of the evolution of the universe does not require the use of supernatural forces or hypotheses such as singularities, and is based entirely on empirical data and known physical processes. The theory of self-replication is able to logically and consistently explain the origin and development of the universe without involving fantastic assumptions.

Thus, the theory of self-replication does not contradict the observed phenomena in the universe and on Earth and represents a promising fundamental basis for explaining key cosmological processes.

The self-replication processes observed in living cells and autonomous RNAs are carried out due to the complex internal mechanisms of these systems. Based on this, it can be assumed that dark particles may also have similar complex mechanisms that ensure their self-reproduction.

Indirect evidence of the existence and self-replication of dark particles can be found in high-precision studies conducted at ultra-low temperatures close to absolute zero. In such conditions, the transition of particles to a new state is observed — a quantum mechanical whole characterized by the formation of ordered phases of matter through the processes of self-organization.

At extremely low temperatures, unique quantum phenomena manifest themselves, such as superfluidity, the ability of a liquid to flow without viscosity, and superconductivity, the passage of an electric current without resistance. Interference effects of condensate waves and the formation of vortex filaments are also observed, where quantum vortices exhibit macroscopic manifestations of quantum mechanical properties. Coherent light beams are formed, created by quasi-particles of condensate, which behave as a single coherent object, like a single large particle.

These phenomena indicate the ability of particles at ultra-low temperatures to form coherent and self-organizing structures. This ability can serve as an indirect confirmation of the theoretical possibility of the existence and self-replication of dark particles in the universe, which supports the hypothesis outlined in the proposed theory.

The process of self-replication has been documented in unicellular and multicellular living organisms, which demonstrates its fundamental importance for biological systems. In addition, successful experiments on self—replication of RNA confirm the ability of molecules to copy themselves - this is a generally recognized fact.

Based on these observations, it can be assumed that the mechanism of self-replication is not exclusively peculiar to living organisms. The ability to self-replicate is also inherent in simpler biomolecules, such as RNA, which expands the understanding of self-replication beyond biological structures.

This suggests that self-replication processes can occur on a much smaller scale, typical for quantum physics. This assumption opens up new perspectives for the study of fundamental physical systems and their potential role in the evolution of the cosmos at the quantum level.

In conclusion, the proposed "theory of self-replication" is a new integrative approach that combines the processes of the evolution of the universe and the biological mechanisms of self-reproduction. This theory provides a logical explanation of key cosmological phenomena — the expansion of space, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, as well as the physical foundations of gravity and cosmic microwave background radiation, as well as the phenomenon of unidirectional time flow. The theory of self-replication consistently describes the origin and development of the universe, relying solely on empirical data and experimental facts. The further development and experimental verification of this theory opens up prospects for significant progress in physics and related sciences, contributing to a deeper understanding of the fundamental laws of nature and the structure of the cosmos.